Did you know there is basically a USB format for each major operating system type? Linux has its formats, many, MacOS has APFS, and Windows has NTFS. For general use there is FAT but all these are semi-compatible and semi-imcompatible with operating systems except those they come with which should be with full compatibility. Each other than FAT comes for a system. I know for Ubuntu there is ext4 USBs. Most USB file systems have large file storage abilities. FAT has like a 4GB limit. Be aware of what your USBs can do.
File systems for USBs tend to be same if not similar to those used in computers. With incompatibilities some things may not be stored. For example Ubuntu can just get file data like certain on NTFS because NTFS is not POSIX compliant. Windows cannot even read ext4 without a specialized reader and even then, no root user access. There may be new drivers and compatible enough things but for a full backup of a system, use a USB formatted for your system, like NTFS for Windows, ext4 for Ubuntu, or APFS for Macs. That way you have certain compatibility. This does limit what you can transfer whatever format you use though.